Autism and Mental Health: Understanding the Connection and Finding Support

Autism and Mental Health


Content warning: this writing contains references to suicide. 


Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a complex, neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people think, interact, and experience the world. While autism itself is not a mental health problem, research shows that autistic people are more likely to experience mental health challenges compared to non-autistic peers. Understanding this connection — and knowing where to find help — can make a significant difference for autistic individuals and their families.

Storytime: Three years ago, I started a program in the fall for young adults. 

One 26-year-old stood out: This one had gone to a local high school, graduated from college, and was a track star who then switched over to bike racing. This young person was interested in refurbishing classic cars and had a job in engineering. And — had no friends. 

Recently diagnosed with autism after masking forever (“It’s almost impossible to get an autism diagnosis as an adult,” they declared) this brilliant, talented individual began our parent-mediated program, in earnest with both parents participating as social coaches. 

They recognized their adult child was in pain, and they sought out our help. 

However, this family never made it past the second class. This amazing person had died by their own hand. 

How Autism and Mental Health Intersect

Autistic people may face unique challenges that increase their risk for mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, even suicidality. Several factors contribute to this increased risk:

  • Negative attitudes and stigma: Experiencing misunderstanding or discrimination can lead to loneliness and trauma, which in turn can impact mental health

  • Sensory and communication differences: Navigating environments that don’t accommodate sensory or processing needs can be stressful and overwhelming.

  • Barriers to support: Difficulties in getting a timely diagnosis or accessing appropriate services can lead to frustration and isolation

  • Co-occurring conditions: Many autistic individuals also have other diagnoses, such as ADHD, anxiety, depression, OCD, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia. These conditions can be harder to identify because their symptoms may overlap with those of autism


Why Are Mental Health Crises Common?

Autistic youth and adults may experience behavioral challenges, such as self-injury, aggression, or wandering. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are also more common, especially among those without intellectual disabilities. 


Other health issues, e.g. sleep problems or gastrointestinal disorders, can contribute to crisis situations. Unfortunately, there are few autism-specific, evidence-based mental health treatments, and access to crisis support is often limited.

Approaches to Treatment and Support

  • Therapies: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be adapted for autistic people, especially for anxiety and depression. Our group coaching programs are also an excellent resource for families of neurodivergent teens and adults, starting at age 11.

  • Medications: Atypical antipsychotics (like risperidone) may help with aggression, but can have significant side effects. Medications for anxiety, depression, or ADHD may also be considered under close supervision. Pills don’t teach skills, but they can help some people through crises and increase their functioning.

  • Wrap-around services: Teams that include physicians, psychologists, and service coordinators can work together to meet needs across home, school, and community settings.

  • Peer and family support: Support groups and community resources can offer connection, understanding, and practical advice.

Resources for Autistic People and Their Families

National and International Organizations

  • Autism Society: Provides advocacy, education, and support across the U.S

  • Autism Speaks: Offers information on co-occurring conditions, research, and family resources

  • Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN): Run by and for autistic people, focusing on rights and self-advocacy

  • Asperger/Autism Network (AANE): Offers support groups, events, and resources for teens, adults, and families

  • National Autistic Society (UK): Campaigns for rights and provides guides for adapting mental health care

Peer Support and Community Groups

  • IRL Social Skills: Empowers socially struggling teens, adults and families to make real-world connections, In Real Life.

  • AANE: Online and in-person support groups for teens, adults, and parents

  • GRASP: Online support groups for autistic adults

  • Meetup.com: Listings for virtual and local autism groups

  • Friend in Me: Virtual buddy program connecting autistic youth with peers

Tips for Supporting Mental Health in Autism

  • Seek professionals familiar with both autism and mental health.

  • Advocate for adapted therapies and accommodations.

  • Build routines and environments that reduce sensory overload.

  • Connect with peer and family support networks.

  • Don’t hesitate to seek help in a crisis — early intervention can make a difference.

Final Thoughts

Autism and mental health are deeply connected, and addressing both is crucial for well-being. While challenges remain in accessing appropriate support, a growing network of organizations, professionals, and peer groups are working to close the gap. Whether you are autistic or supporting someone who is, you are not alone — and help is available.

Mara McLoughlin